- Parents, Teachers Demonstrate at Intersection Where Boy Was Injured
- LAKE FOREST : Dayworker Law Bans Public Hiring
- COLLEGE DIVISION NOTEBOOK / MARTIN BECK : Ryan Meredith Sliding to Top at Southern California College
- COMMUNITY COLLEGE ROUNDUP : Plenty of Heroes as Golden West Takes Second in Track
- Miscellany
- Miscellany
- Ice Schlockey: The Sequel : Mighty Ducks Probably Won't Be the Feel Good Team of the Season
- Even Labor Trouble Won't Stop Penguins
- Notes on a Scorecard - April 22, 1993
- ROUNDUP : San Pedro Volleyball Team Rolls to Win Over Carson
- Underhanded Tactic : Mission's Brown Changed Delivery, Now Frustrates Hitters With Guile
- PREP BASEBALL ROUNDUP : Reinhart's RBI Gives Mission Viejo a Victory Over Mater Dei
- EMPIRE LEAGUE BASEBALL ROUNDUP : Esperanza Rattles : El Dorado Defense
- Names in the News - April 22, 1993
- Montana Ends His 49er Career and Says Thanks for the Memories
- Arts Leaders Decry Proposed Budget Cuts : Budget: City's Cultural Affairs Department would take a 30% overall cut under Bradley plan, with grants slashed 50%.
- POP MUSIC REVIEW : Singers Salute Songwriters--at Length
- AWARDS
- AWARDS
- PEOPLE WATCH
- Ramona: Hit and Myth Affair : Not just a tourist attraction, the annual Ramona Pageant in Hemet also embodies one of the richest ironies of Southern California culture.
- L.A. Playwrights Set Membership Drive
- The Empire League baseball game between Esperanza...
- Miscellany
- Only His Mind Was Blanked : Hockey: Otto scores two goals during 9-4 victory over Kings, the second on instinct.
- Miscellany
- Kingsmen Play Their Cardenas Right Once Again
- OPERA REVIEW : A Worthy Werther in San Diego
- PEOPLE WATCH
- Dodgers Lost in a Fog, Lose Again to Montreal
- El Modena Names Howard as Football Coach
- Lakers Take Bad News in Large Doses : Pro basketball: A 113-102 loss to Jazz assures them of a sub-.500 season. Peeler is injured.
- Evidence Found After Explosion Kills Athlete
- Leppard Shows His Stuff, 4-0 : High school baseball: He strikes out 14 and pitches four-hitter as Simi Valley beats Royal.
- AMERICAN LEAGUE ROUNDUP : Eckersley Loses Chance at Another Save
- NBA ROUNDUP : A First: Hornets Make Playoffs
- Boxer Known to Have HIV Fought Twice
- Oxnard's Garcia Cites Conflict, Quits Baseball Job
- Pittsburgh Steeler offensive guard Carlton Haselrig faces...
- PREP SOFTBALL ROUNDUP : Irvine's Bats Go to Work Early in 11-2 Victory Over Newport Harbor
- The night life in Lewiston, Ida., is...
- ROUNDUP : Suppan Does It All for Crespi, 13-0
- BASEBALL DAILY REPORT : ANGELS : Gruber Takes a Few Swings
- COLLEGE ROUNDUP : Titans Advance in Big West Tennis
- BASEBALL DAILY REPORT : DODGERS : Wallach Gets a Rest--Almost
- Salmon Isn't Lost in Shadow : Angels: Although Snow is getting most of the attention, fellow rookie is quietly making his mark.
- He Didn't Just Play, He Held Court : Ojai Paying Tribute to Ashe, Who Won 4 Titles There in '60s
- Fan Is All Wet When She Asks Barkley for Extra Autographs
- Santa Clarita / Antelope Valley : Palmdale Hospital Will Be Sold to Pasadena-Based Company
- Minister in Sex Inquiry Drops Suspension Appeal : Investigation: He felt that the Corona del Mar church where he was pastor 'has been through enough,' a friend says.
- Bill to Break Up L.A. School District Stalls in Assembly
- Free-agent defensive back Erik McMillan, named to...
- Fullerton Wins, Ties Softball Standings
- ELECTIONS / COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT : Teen-Ager Gets More Than Youth Vote
- Arts Center Gets $1.5-Million Grant
- 'South Beach,' 'Route 66' Due on NBC
- A Different 'Dove' Takes Flight at CBS : Television: Follow-up to the hit miniseries based on Larry McMurtry's novel features a nearly all-new cast and bears 'no relation' to author's own sequel.
- TV REVIEW : 'American Dream' Is Nature's Nightmare
- PEOPLE WATCH
- Budget Deficit Solution Is No Day in the Park
- Huntington Park : Council Elects Loya Mayor; Cunningham Next in Line
- Coaches Wish Upon Artesia Stars O'Bannon, Jones
- BEAUX ARTS, BIG BUCKS : 'The Realm of the Coin,' at the Fullerton Museum Center, Examines the Dynamite Duo
- COLUMN ONE : Debris of War: Death Underfoot : With the threat from weapons of mass destruction diminished, land mines are seen as an instrument of terror, killing and maiming thousands of innocent civilians every year.
- The Ones That Get Away : Study Tags Undersized Halibut That Have to Be Thrown Back
- TAKE A BREATH, TAKE YOUR KIDS . . . AND ENJOY!
- Service Advisers Are Part Salesperson, Part Mechanic
- Santa Monica : Transfers to UC Set Record
- A REEL GUITARIST : Christopher Parkening Sees a Connection Between Music and His Other Love, Fly-Fishing
- HIGH LIFE: A WEEKLY FORUM FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS : Being True to School and Outside Interests
- Volunteer Tree Planters Keep Digging Against the Odds : Environment: One nonprofit group, North East Trees, has planted thousands in the last few years. But it takes lots of help and follow-up, which is almost as hard to come by as funds.
- Arts Event Keeps Little Hands Busy
- Before Cuisine and Waiters, We Got By on Food
- Brown, Garamendi Marshal Funds for Governor's Race
- It's Just 18 Enjoyable Golf Holes
- U.S. Halts College Building to Spare Gnatcatcher Habitat
- SOUND TRACK / VENTURA COUNTY'S TOP SINGLES
- Mobilization for Verdict Helped Police Refine Tactics : Law enforcement: Despite some criticism that too many officers were deployed on Saturday, authorities say they were able to improve training, emergency plans and interagency communication.
- COLLEGES / ALAN OTA : Flowers' Career Finally Blossoms
- 'Tampopo': A Delicious Morsel
- They'll Act Around the Clock
- ON BEYOND LOADED : Steve Shaffer Is Known for His Impression of a Drunk, but It's Just One Aspect of His Act
- Crisis at Home Costs Councilman Title of Mayor : Politics: Joseph B. Dimas Sr. lives outside the city because of a dispute with his son over ownership of the house they once shared.
- Director Spike Lee Will Speak at UCI
- TV Miniseries Heats Up Controversy : Global warming is coming but when is debatable. A Thousand Oaks firm is already doing its part to slow the inevitable.
- Official Converts to Catholicism in Protest
- Rallies Urge Higher Pay for Preschool Teachers, Workers
- Officer Prevents Woman's Fall From 7th-Story Ledge
- What's Old Still Rings True : Nostalgia: As an enduring proliferation of poodle skirts and customized classic Chevys can attest, the 1950s are alive and well and living in Ventura County.
- Glendale : Not Guilty Plea in Theft Case
- The High Cost of Taxational Infirmity
- PREPS
- Officials Use Riot Alert to Fine-Tune Police, Fire Strategies : Preparedness: City spent about $88,500 to counter unrest that never developed after King verdicts. But authorities say plan could be used during any future threats or following an earthquake.
- HIGH LIFE: A WEEKLY FORUM FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS : WHAT'S HAPPENING : Los Alamitos Band Wins Top Spot at Jazz Fest
- Temple City : Utility Tax Under Scrutiny
- THEATER NOTES : Playwright Strikes Nerve With Fans Over 'Sherlock's Last Case'
- Brushing Up on the Holiday Spirit in April : Housing: Christmas in April program is set to rehabilitate 32 area homes. The annual volunteer project helps low-income residents nationwide.
- Azusa : Quarry Decision Delayed
- Newly Elected Mayor Calls for Council Unity : Politics: Eddie Cortez, who defeated Tomas Ursua in a close runoff, sees himself as a consensus builder.
- * Bernie Wayne; Songwriter Composed 'Miss America' Theme
- Fowler Eager to Begin Job After School Board Victory
- Muslims, Croats Fight On; U.N. Notes Atrocities
- BABY-SITTING : Selecting a Companion : Reference checking and some questioning of the care giver may help determine what types of circumstances he or she can handle.
- COLLECTIBLES : 75 Dealers to Display Goods at Antiquer : Indoor Show Will Debut in Costa Mesa
- Riordan, Woo Begin Plotting June Strategies
- Tourist Harbor Carries Price Tag of $550 Million : Economy: Private investors would finance more than half the cost. The city would issue bonds to cover its share.
- Silence Is Toxic in Keller's First Novel : Books: Laguna Niguel author hopes her new work, 'Necessary Risks,' will help raise awareness of chemicals' dangers.
- 75 Acres Burned to Cut Risk of Fire Hazard
- Shredder Grates on Residents : Government: Evidence of the device at City Hall comes in the wake of several alleged official improprieties. The mayor apologizes.
- A summary of significant Los Angeles City...
- Put Phone Book Out to Pasture
- He Gave Up a Suit for a Spotlight : At Fox, Jeremiah Bosgang Had It All. Except an Outlet for His Comedy
- Giving In to Lure of the Undertow, Tool Suffers Gladly
- TELEVISION - April 22, 1993
- PREP ROUNDUP : Woodbridge Beats Irvine in Boys' Swimming
- VOLLEYBALL ROUNDUP
- HOLLYWOOD PARK : Business Is Better in the Opener; Hubbard Bets Trend to Continue
- OUTDOORS / PETE THOMAS : They Were in Right Place at Right Time
- Names in the News - April 22, 1993
- Defensive end Richard Dent, citing a lack...
- VOLLEYBALL ROUNDUP : No. 4 Huntington Beach Picks Up an Easy Victory Against Edison
- TENNIS ROUNDUP : Edberg, Lendl Win at Monaco
- Northridge Gets Talked Into a Split : College softball: Torgeson has tirade after loss in opener.
- MOTOR RACING / SHAV GLICK : Hooper Tradition Continues at Saugus
- Leveque Scrambles, Holds Hot-Hitting Alemany at Bay
- ART REVIEWS : Yoko Ono Offers Game of Life for Viewers
- THEATER REVIEWS : Shades of a Fading Society in 'Barbarians'
- PEOPLE WATCH
- PEOPLE WATCH
- Praise and Play Rights : Publishing Offers Follow Honors for Cal State Fullerton's 'Manager' and 'All That He Was'
- Redondo Volleyball Players Suspended
- Baryshnikov Slated for Orange County Series : Dance: He will perform with his White Oak Dance Project in August, after the Joffrey opens the season in July with the Prince-scored ballet 'Billboards.'
- THEATER REVIEWS : Hartley Serves Up a Cathartic Cabaret
- Miscellany
- He Chooses Own Route : Brown's Decision to Leave Nebraska for NFL Rooted in Desire to Care for His Family
- NHL PLAYOFF ROUNDUP : Vancouver Takes 2-0 Advantage
- The Philadelphia Eagles, looking to fill the...
- BASEBALL DAILY REPORT : AROUND THE MAJORS : Unbeaten Arocha Out Three Weeks
- All Challenges Welcomed : Perfection Has Become an Opponent for Mira Costa's Volleyball Team, Which Has Lost Only 3 of 42 Games
- AWARDS
- Women's Center Plans Spring Arts Festival
- DANCE REVIEW : Ailey Troupe Pays Moving Tribute to Founder's Legacy
- A Taste of Holmes From a Master Storyteller
- Everyone Is Different, Which Is Nothing to Be Ashamed Of
- Picus, Chick Get Personal as Runoff Fight Begins
- Officials Say Oxnard May Start Layoffs : Budget: Council actions to reduce a $4-million shortfall touch off an angry response from residents.
- No Place in Their Hearts for the Homeless : Judges, lawyers who tired of sharing Santa Ana Civic Center with 'campers' don't care about them as long as they're gone.
- BURBANK : City Seeks Approval for Cleanup Piping
- SAN FERNANDO : Police Say New Laws Deter Carjackings
- NORTH HOLLYWOOD : Tutoring Directed at Troubled Youths
- New management appointments in the South Bay...
- Hall, Alarcon Seek Support of Also-Rans
- Give Bergeson the Job--for Now : We can't let responsibility for 5 million schoolchildren drift through the morass of politics until 1994.
- CHINO : Man Given 35 Years in Drive-By Slaying
- New Mayor, Term Limits: Powerful Force for Change : City Council, too, is rocked by voters' decisions in Tuesday's L.A. election
- PLACENTIA : Parents Reassured on School Closures
- Group Hopes to Lure Computer Firms to County
- GLENDALE : College Gets $1 Million in Fund-Raising Drive
- PERSPECTIVES ON THE MAYOR'S RACE : A Choice Between Two Flawed Men : Los Angeles needs honest answers, intelligent discussion, a realistic agenda and 'growth' from Riordan and Woo.
- BOARD OF EDUCATION : Minorities to Be Majority on Governing Panel for First Time
- Santa Clarita / Antelope Valley : District Tentatively OKs Use of Metal Detector : Education: Trustees back random searches at a middle school. A stricter dress code, locker searches and a hot line for tips are also planned.
- Israeli Troops Kill 2 Palestinian Youths in Gaza Strip Riots
- Voters Approve School Bond for Renovations : Election: $28-million measure, which failed last year, will be used to revitalize campuses.
- 'Dangerous Liaisons' Lets UCI Students In on the Lying Game
- ANAHEIM'S OTHER OFFERING : For One Day, Anyway, There'll Be Something Besides Disneyland (and Cheaper Too)
- REVIEW : A 50-Year-Old Farce Seems to Await Laughs
- New Mayor Proposes Centers for Arts, Sports, Community
- Hate-Crimes Law Debated by High Court : Penalties: Issue centers on the government's power to give harsher sentences for criminal acts engendered by racial or ethnic bias.
- City Seeks Accused Slumlord : Housing: A defendant in several Los Angeles cases has been identified as a principal owner of the allegedly substandard apartments on San Fernando Road.
- Huck's a Boy's Boy, but Some Girls Can Relate
- S. Africa Slaying Blamed on Right-Wing Conspiracy : Assassination: Five whites are detained in Chris Hani's murder. Police also investigate possibility international groups were involved.
- Assistance League Nets $39,000 for Programs
- Methods Employed by Patrol in O.C. Called 'Cruel,' 'Deceptive'
- Mobilization for King Verdict Costly but Had Payoffs
- 3 Claim Molestation by Catholic Brother : Lawsuits: Damages are being sought in connection with alleged incidents at high school, church and on trips from 1967 to 1986.
- Stolen NASA Disks Land Back at UC Irvine
- LAGUNA NIGUEL : City Hires Private Firm for Street Work
- BUENA PARK : Firm Wins Award for Service to Arts
- Block Gets Ready for the Worst : Budget: The sheriff plans to close four jail facilities, lay off up to 1,700 deputies in cost-cutting moves. About 5,000 inmates--but not felons--will be released.
- Vigil Marks Anniversary of Harris Execution : Demonstration: Opponents of death penalty gather a year after murderer of two youths died in gas chamber.
- More Computer Leaks Found by Anaheim Police
- Fountain Valley : Council Approves Drug Sign Removal
- COUNTYWIDE : Settlement Reached in Midair Collision
- Assembly Committee Delays Vote on Breakup : Schools: Panel lacks votes needed for passage. The bill would take the first steps toward dividing the L.A. district into smaller units.
- Judge Sentences 'Pack Rat' to Jail After He Fails to Clean Up Home
- Los Angeles : Vote on School Calendar
- Sweet Deal Headed for Shoppers : Producers say nectar-hungry bees are taking advantage of this season's abundance of wildflowers.
- NOTEBOOK / SEAN WATERS : Beverly Hills' Buffum, St. Bernard's Scott Honored by The Times
- A look at the fast-moving video rentals...
- Senate Panel OKs Diluted Car Insurance Plan
- Northeast L.A. : Forums With Congressman
- Pressure on for Cutting Cellular Rates : Communications: PUC questions why prices in California have not dropped since the service began.
- AT&T; Profit Up Before One-Time Charge
- State of the Art: The Irvine accounting...
- Allergan Profit Jumps 34% to $23.7 Million
- MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT
- Alternative Fudge
- Chocolate : Chocolate, Aztec-Style : History: For 300 years, chocolate was a reddish drink flavored with anise and rosewater. And you think we're doing weird things with chocolate now.
- BOOK REVIEW : Gotcha Cuisine : What's for Dinner?, <i> By Michael Roberts</i> ; <i> (William Morrow: $22; 333 pp.) </i>
- White House Aids State in Tax Dispute : Courts: In policy shift from past two administrations, U.S. no longer opposes California's position in legal fight over taxes on foreign-owned businesses. At stake is $4 billion in disputed levies.
- Classical Music Groups Add Bright Note to Spring : The chamber orchestra, county symphony and an Ojai Festival warm-up concert showcase array of talents.
- The Region : Valley Bus Service Extended
- Pentagon May Speed Closure of Naval Station : Military: Base may be shut down next year instead of in 1996 to save money. The move could aid in conversion of the facility to other uses.
- Where to Turn When Cleaner Ruins Clothes
- Insurer to Disclose Its Cancer Test : Regulation: The state persuades Transamerica Life to agree to give applicants a detailed explanation of the screening.
- OTHER NEWS - April 22, 1993
- Taco Bell Considers Creating Chain of Sit-Down Restaurants
- McDonnell Douglas Corp. said earnings from operations...
- HEALTH CARE
- Chocolate : A Couple of Showoffs
- Chocolate : Dark Secret
- The Last-Minute Lunch
- The Joy of Cookies
- AT&T; Profit Is Up Before One-Time Charge
- PC or Mac? Personality Is Key
- Airline Stocks Rocket; Broad Market Is Mixed : Market Overview
- Western Digital Continues Up Comeback Trail
- * Howard Young; Co-Founder of Sacramento Music Circus
- Councilwoman Widowed by Slaying Supported and Rebuked at Meeting : Politics: Public's comments center on Evelyn Wells and allegations of an affair with the city manager.
- TRIBUTE: The 94th Ojai Valley tennis tournament...
- Faces of the West
- U.S. Given Hanoi's Full List of POW Pilots, Vessey Says : Missing: Emissary asserts Vietnam is cooperating now on issue. He discounts 1972 Russian document.
- Malibu : Toll-Free Recycling Hot Line
- NICE GUY FINISHES FIRST : After Years of Playing in the Shadows, Bluesman Buddy Guy Takes the Spotlight
- Paramount : School Superintendent Gets Contract Extension
- Hey, Mom, look what followed us home...
- Riesling for Your Dinner
- Chocolate : When Business Is a Piece of Cake
- OPEN THE GATES: The county's budget crisis...
- RETAILING
- Times Mirror Operating Earnings Decline in First Quarter, but Net Income Increases
- COLUMN RIGHT/ JAMES P. PINKERTON : Gay Ban Issue Rigged? Say It Ain't So, Bill : Allowing homosexuals in the military is a fight that Clinton can't afford to win.
- Obituaries - April 22, 1993
- Nurse Embraces Gift of Giving : A Teen-Age Boy in a Wheelchair Called Out and She Was Hooked
- L.A. School District Files Lawsuit Over Air Terminal Plan
- LOS ANGELES COUNTY : Detailed Report Ordered on Magic Mountain Melees
- ANAHEIM : City Denies Permit for Nude Dancing
- Obituaries - April 22, 1993
- COLUMN LEFT/ TOM SOTO : Clean Air a Right, Not an Amenity : The environmental movement won't succeed without the urban poor and people of color.
- VENTURA : Newborn Unit Gets Higher Status Level
- Bullfrogs Open Roller Hockey Season July 2
- Somehow, King Will Keep Busy : Play-by-play: After 27 years, he won't be back with Raiders, but there is still sailing--and the A's.
- One Second (Period) Is All Flames Need : Stanley Cup playoffs: Calgary scores five unanswered goals to erase Kings' 1-0 leads in the game and series, 9-4.
- Names in the News - April 22, 1993
- ROUNDUP
- Tough Going for Babilonia
- South, Morningside Players Honored at Times' Ceremony
- Selling Off the Yard : Auction at Defunct Todd Ship Facility Attracts Former Employees as Well as Buyers
- Graffiti Vandal Must Wipe the Slate Clean : Crime: Youth pleads guilty to spraying moniker throughout the Wilmington area. Judge sentences him to cover 400 tags and serve 30 days in jail.
- PROPOSITION 1 : Defeat Forces Officials to Look Elsewhere for Police Funds
- VENTURA : Civic Leaders Grilled by the Younger Set
- Coaches in Race to Wire to Sign O'Bannon, Jones
- First Things First: Angels Lead AL West : Baseball: Salmon, Snow hit homers again in 7-6 victory over Indians. Farrell gets first win since 1990.
- Free-agent wide receiver Louis Lipps signed a...
- PREP SOFTBALL ROUNDUP
- NATIONAL LEAGUE ROUNDUP : Gooden Back in Good Form
- COMMUNITY COLLEGE ROUNDUP : In Orange Empire Conference women's track and field:
- Names in the News - April 22, 1993
- Employee Wounded in Holdup at Fast-Food Restaurant
- SANTA ANA : Tax Preparer Pleads Guilty in Fraud Case
- OXNARD, EL RIO : Drug Investigation Leads to 5 Arrests
- Is Dyslexia the Culprit for Poor Learning Skills? Here's How to Check
- COSTA MESA : Building Goodwill Is All in a Day's Work
- Wish for Term Limits Is Clear--Impact Is Less Certain
- SHERMAN OAKS : Businessman Plans Anti-Crime Mixer
- SIMI VALLEY : King Juror Remarks Please City Leaders
- Tournament of Roses Vows to Seek Minorities
- Block to Close Jails in Cost-Cutting Move : Finances: Facilities in the Antelope Valley and Castaic are targeted.
- The Ones That Get Away : Fishing: Undersized California halibut, which seem to be diminishing in local waters, are tagged and thrown back in study to track their movement.
- Keith Byars apparently is on his way...
- LAGUNA BEACH : Council Urges Tough Anti-Graffiti Laws
- CHATSWORTH : Neighbors Divided Over Street Signs
- Recycling a Celebration : Earth Day Is Transformed Into a Do-Your-Own-Thing Observance
- NORTH HOLLYWOOD : 70 More Classes Cut From Fall Schedule
- OXNARD : Army May Test Arms Over Coastal Waters
- 50 Activists Protest Outside Animal Researcher's Home
- Harvard-Westlake Pole Vaulter Stern to Attend Yale
- Ojai Tournament to Begin Today
- Beuerlein Signs With Cardinals
- Familiar Territory : Kevin Rooney Trains a Young Heavyweight in Catskill, but It's Jeremy Williams
- Matadors Shake Off UC Irvine : College volleyball: No. 4 Northridge struggles before putting away last-place Anteaters.
- Strike The Gold Wins in Comeback
- TECHNOLOGY - April 22, 1993
- OTHER NEWS - April 22, 1993
- 40 Bodies Found at Waco; 3 May Have Been Shot
- THAT'S FUNNY: What's so funny about recycling?...
- Health Plan Likely to Offer Aid for Illegal Immigrants : Reforms: Sources say the Administration's proposals may include additional funds to help states like California pay the bills.
- 2 Men Killed in Carjackings 2 Miles Apart
- Exit Poll Indicates Tight Race, Divided Electorate
- ROARING BACK: How do you offend a...
- When Agents Cross Over the Borderline : Law enforcement: Charges of wrongdoing in Border Patrol have forced even loyalists to call for reforms.
- Democrats Drop Stimulus Package in Clinton Defeat : Congress: White House compromises fail to end Senate GOP filibuster over $16.3-billion bill. Setback may signal trouble for other parts of President's agenda.
- SURFING : Wave Riders and Fishermen Are Still Poles Apart
- KEEP 'EM HAPPY: Lydia Hao, who works...
- Palestinians Agree to Resume Talks With Israel : Mideast: They'll join other Arab delegations in Washington next week. Deportees see a 'sellout.'
- Ohio Inmates Surrender, Free Hostages : Prison: Officials cheer and embrace the five guards held for 10 days. Questions are raised about origins of uprising, which left eight people dead.
- MARIAN FAN: State Sen. Marian Bergeson's effort...
- Carjacking Victims Shared a Love of Life
- STUDIO CITY : School Launches Earth Day Programs
- ELECTIONS / VALLEY COUNCIL SEATS : Incumbents Dominate Challengers