Corporate America, it’s time to spread the wealth

Corporate America must be in a bad way. Job growth has stagnated, the prospects for hiring, at least in the near term, seem grim, and the polls of top executives sound universally glum.

And yet, operating earnings of companies in the Standard & Poor’s 500 index jumped 38.4% in the second quarter compared with a year earlier, according to Thomson Reuters, and companies are sitting on an estimated $1.8 trillion in cash -- by some measures, a record mound of cash.

Somebody’s making money in this economy. Unfortunately, it’s not the middle class or the working class. And that’s our real problem.

The business lobby talks as though the flat-lined job picture isn’t the fault of employers. Certainly it’s true that it’s not entirely the fault of employers. Chamber of Commerce types overemphasize doubts about the strength of the economic recovery, the prospect of higher federal taxes and the costs of government initiatives such as healthcare reform.

Some aren’t above suggesting that American workers have simply become too lazy to get off unemployment and do some real work.

That was the theme of a recent article in the Wall Street Journal quoting several business owners marveling at the dearth of applicants for skilled job openings. But you had to do some math to find a clue to why this might be.

One business was looking to pay $13 an hour for machinists. That works out to about $27,000 a year (assuming vacation is paid for), or about the federal poverty line for a family of five.

Now, it’s possible that the business owner couldn’t possibly afford to pay a penny more. Or he might be thinking that with unemployment nosing 10% he could try bidding down. But the article also quoted him saying his company could grow sharply if it only had the personnel, so perhaps he should consider bidding up.

The idea that only a shrinking proportion of American workers deserves a solid middle-class income seems to have become ingrained in parts of the business community over the last few years. That was the thought behind the punishing Southern California grocery lockout and strike of 2003-04, when the supermarket chains pressed for a wage and benefit system on which it would be difficult if not impossible to raise a family. (They got their way for new employees.)

How has that worked out? The share price of Safeway Inc., the owner of Vons and Pavilions and one of the chief drivers of the dispute, has barely budged since January 2004. The company swung from a profit of $560 million in 2004 to a loss of roughly $1 billion last year, a performance it largely blames on the crummy economy.

This is just one more manifestation of increasing income inequality in America, where the rich have gotten richer and the middle and working class have gone into debt to merely hang on. Whenever I write about the need for corporations and the wealthy to shoulder their fair share of taxes, I can count on receiving numerous e-mails instructing me that we need to cosset the rich because they’re the source of job growth. “I’ve never been offered a job by a poor person� is the usual refrain.

The answer to this argument is that there are precious few firms that can survive purely on the patronage of the top 1% of income-earners, or even the top 20%. When no one can afford to buy, no one has customers. Broadly distributing the fruits of economic growth is the only way to sustain that growth.

Ford Motor Co. understood as long ago as 1914, when it raised its daily wage to $5. The company’s new living wage all but eliminated absenteeism, built workplace loyalty and helped create a huge new market for automobiles. You want to call Henry Ford a “socialist� for implementing this idea, go right ahead.

Corporate America, in the aggregate, has the apparent capacity to do the same today. The Federal Reserve reported in June that nonfinancial companies were holding cash totaling more than $1.8 trillion, having built up their hoards at a rate unmatched in more than 50 years. That’s a lot of money being held out of the economy, dwarfing what the government stimulus program is putting in.

There’s nothing inherently good or bad about a company’s stockpiling of cash. It can bespeak a strong balance sheet. Or, if it’s the proceeds of lots of expensive borrowing, a weak one. It can build corporate wealth if it’s invested profitably in the business or stagnation if it just sits around in low-yielding instruments.

It can be the work of a visionary chief executive building a war chest for a big move or of a shrinking violet with nothing on his mind except inflating his company’s bank account with big numbers.

The only important question is: “What are they doing with the money?�

One thing they’re not doing is lavishing it on personnel, though some have taken steps to help shareholders. At least 135 companies in the S&P 500 jacked up their shareholder dividends in the first half of this year.

Among the others, let’s consider one of the most cash-rich companies in the S&P, Hewlett-Packard Co., which has been getting scrutinized by management pundits lately for reasons other than, um, corporate strategy. As of July 31, HP reported cash of $14.7 billion (up from $11.3 billion in 2007), which ranked it around 13th among S&P 500 companies.

In 2009, under its just-departed CEO Mark Hurd, the firm cut base pay for many employees, cut its matching contributions to their 401(k) plans and made them conditional on financial results, and eliminated a discount on share purchases by its employees. Hurd also cut HP’s research and development spending to 2.5% of revenue in 2009, half its ratio in 2003, another act that elevates the here-and-now over the what-lies-ahead.

HP hasn’t raised its dividend lately, but in 2008 and 2009, its board authorized share buybacks totaling $16 billion, according to its SEC filings. By supporting the share price, that money flows to shareholders rather than wage-earners. All of this might help explain why (judging from public message boards) the HP rank and file were delighted by Hurd’s departure, albeit resentful that he was leaving with a severance package worth more than $30 million.

Obviously there’s no way to force employers to hire more workers or to give the ones they have better pay, any more than there’s any way to force bailed-out banks to use their money to make loans. But funneling corporate wealth to shareholders at the expense of the workers who create that wealth isn’t any smarter today than it was 10 years ago, when it got us into this economic fix, and it sure won’t lead us to a brighter tomorrow.

Michael Hiltzik’s column appears Sundays and Wednesdays. Reach him at [email protected], read past columns at latimes.com/hiltzik, check out facebook.com/hiltzik, and follow @latimeshiltzik on Twitter.