Telescope snaps family portrait of two planets around baby sun
For the first time, a telescope has captured a family portrait of another solar system with not just one, but two planets posing directly for the camera while orbiting a star like our sun.
This baby sun and its two giant gas planets are fairly close by galactic standards at 300 light-years from Earth.
The snapshot — released Wednesday — was taken by the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile’s Atacama Desert.
What makes this group shot so appealing is it’s a “very young version of our own sun,†said Alexander Bohn of the Netherlands’ Leiden University, who led the study describing the image.
Bohn said he was “extremely excited†about the discovery. “This is the first time astronomers were able to capture such a shot,†he said.
The observations can help scientists better understand the evolution of our own solar system.
Astronomers typically confirm worlds around other stars by observing brief but periodic dimming of the starlight, indicating an orbiting planet. Such indirect observations have identified thousands planets in our Milky Way galaxy.
It’s much harder and less common for a telescope to directly observe these so-called exoplanets. And to directly spot two of them around the same star is even rarer. Only two multiplanet solar systems have been spotted using the direct method, both with stars quite different from our sun, according to the observatory.
Of the 4,183 exoplanets confirmed to date, only 48 — or 1% — have been directly imaged, according to NASA statistics.
Direct imaging provides humanity’s best chance to detect life outside our solar system, if it exists, Bohn said. By observing light from the planets themselves, their atmospheres can be analyzed for molecules and elements that might suggest life.
The work published this week in Astrophysical Journal Letters reveals “a snapshot of an environment that is very similar to our solar system, but at a much earlier stage of its evolution,†Bohn said.
The star — officially known as TYC 8998-760-1 and located in the Musca, or t Fly, constellation — is barely 17 million years old. Our sun, by contrast, is 4.5 billion years old.
The two newly discovered gas giants around this young star orbit at a much greater distance than Jupiter and Saturn do from our sun — requiring a few thousand years to complete one revolution. They also weigh in with greater masses than our own outer planets.
Astronomers using NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite have found a super-Earth planet capable of harboring life. It’s 31 light-years away.
The researchers took multiple images of this youthful solar system over the past year to verify the findings, while also reviewing older data. A disk on the telescope known as a coronagraph blocked the starlight, exposing the two much fainter planets.
Future instruments like ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope, still five years away from operation, should be able to detect even smaller, less dense planets. The main mirror will span 128 feet, more than four times the size of the Very Large Telescope, making it the “the world’s biggest eye on the sky,†according to the ESO.
For now, there is no evidence that this young star has more planets, but “it is certainly possible and they might just be too faint,†Bohn said.
