Syrian forces retake strategic town of Qusair

BEIRUT — The retaking of the strategic Syrian town of Qusair by government forces Wednesday dealt a pivotal setback to rebels who in recent weeks have lost a string of battles to President Bashar Assad and his increasingly aggressive Hezbollah allies from neighboring Lebanon.

The rebels’ loss of Qusair, which had been in opposition hands for more than a year, gives Assad fresh swagger and is likely to further propel a two-year war that has killed more than 80,000 people. Qusair improves the Assad government’s access to the Mediterranean Sea and control over vital supply routes.

Disparate opposition forces now face questions of how to regain momentum against a Syrian government aided by weapons and technology from Russia and Iran and fighters from Hezbollah, the Shiite Muslim militant group that views Assad’s survival as tantamount to protecting its own power in Lebanon. The rebels, armed by Saudi Arabia, Qatar and other countries, still lack the firepower and leadership to decisively change the course of the war.

Hopes for an international peace conference appear elusive. The United States and Syrian ally Russia stalled in deliberations in Geneva on Wednesday to find parameters to bring all sides, including fractious Syrian opposition groups, to the negotiating table. That failure — another effort is expected this month — refocuses attention on the battlefield, where rebel gains from just months ago have evaporated.

“I think it could be the beginning of the end even though the war is obviously not over,� said Kamel Wazne, director of the Center of American Strategic Studies in Beirut. “It’s a strategic victory. But the Syrian government needs a political solution to match this achievement.�

That, at least for the moment, appears unlikely amid the government’s euphoria over seizing Qusair, a battered outpost that sits only miles from the Lebanese border. As government troops swept into the nearly deserted town, once home to about 30,000 people, outgunned rebels retreated with their wounded to nearby villages to regroup.

“Whoever controls Qusair controls the center of the country, and whoever controls the center of the country controls all of Syria,� Syrian Brig. Gen. Yahya Suleiman told Beirut-based Mayadeen television.

The army has “restored security and peace� to Qusair after defeating “terrorist networks,� Syrian state TV reported. Video images showed buildings pocked by bullets and artillery and piles of rubble left by weeks of heavy fighting. Smatterings of Syrian flags, one planted on a clock tower, flew amid the destruction as government soldiers fanned out through the streets.

The army said the retaking of the town was “a clear message to all those who share in the aggression on Syria ... that we will continue our string of victories until we regain every inch of Syrian land.�

Mohammad Younes Harba, a security officer with the Wadi militia in Qusair, said negotiations took place Tuesday night between the Free Syrian Army and Hezbollah for the opposition fighters to withdraw. During the course of the intense fighting, the rebels’ ammunition cache dwindled and few reinforcements arrived, he said in a phone interview.

“Even without ammunition though they would have stayed and fought with the ammunition of the enemy,� Harba said of the rebels. “But there is no food, there have been eight days without food, nothing, they aren’t able to stand on their feet. They wish for just a piece of bread.�

Jaad Yamani, an activist and aid worker on the outskirts of Qusair, said via Skype that the opposition fighters were still stationed in the northern neighborhoods but he was unable to communicate with anyone inside. Meanwhile the town’s civilians and injured had been able to flee to the neighboring towns of Bweida and Salhiya.

“It’s a battle that we lost,� the Local Coordination Committees, an opposition activist network, said in a statement. It added that rebel fighters encountered “missile launchers, mortar shells, airstrikes and shelling, hundreds of martyrs and thousands of injured, a strangling siege and a lack of all of the life basic needs.�

The apparent victory by government troops illustrates how entrenched Hezbollah is becoming in Syria. The militant organization has long relied on Damascus as a conduit for Iranian weapons and aid. But Hezbollah risks reprisals in Lebanon from Syrian rebels, anger from neighboring Sunni Muslim states and the danger of agitating Lebanon’s sectarian divisions.

“Hezbollah may celebrate their achievement today but they will have to worry about it tomorrow,� said Hilal Khashan, a political science professor at the American University of Beirut. “Hezbollah will be dragged further into the Syrian conflict. They’re already in Damascus. There is a concentration of Hezbollah troops in Aleppo. Hezbollah has become an intricate part of that war.�

Hezbollah played a key role in Qusair. The group’s leader, Hassan Nasrallah, announced that he would not abandon the town, resulting in the deaths of scores of Hezbollah fighters whose funerals were held in Shiite villages across Lebanon’s Bekaa Valley. Hezbollah said it joined the war to prevent Sunni Muslim extremists from entering Lebanon.

Hezbollah has been praised across the region for its defiance of Israel but that allure is fading among Syria’s Sunni Muslims, who make up the bulk of rebel factions. There is growing danger that the fragile ties between religions and ethnicities on both sides of the border are fraying. Tensions surrounding the Syrian war have also stirred fears in Israel that growing regional instability will threaten its borders and spur sectarian clashes inside Lebanon.

Khashan said he doesn’t believe Lebanon, which endured its own civil war in the 1970s and ‘80s, wants a return to chaos.

“I don’t see an open conflict in Lebanon,� he said. “Hezbollah is not interested in a civil war.�

The fighting in Qusair intensified in recent weeks but rebels began running out of ammunition and medical supplies and lacked enough fighters to repel the Syrian advance. The International Committee of the Red Cross has been denied access to the town, where reports suggest as many as 500 rebels had been killed and more than 1,000 wounded.

Syrian officials and media reports said that Assad’s army and Hezbollah on Tuesday night allowed the rebels an escape corridor into Debaa and across the Lebanese border into the town of Arsal. But the rebels lost a crucial supply route that delivered weapons and fresh recruits, many of them Islamic radicals, from across the region. The loss of the route also threatens rebel links to the strategic city of Homs.

Syrian state media quickly broadcast images of a triumphant army. Loyalists from Assad’s minority Alawite sect celebrated in cities across the nation, including cars full of youths in Damascus who waved Syrian flags and at least one Hezbollah flag. And in Beirut, the Lebanese capital, cheering erupted in Hezbollah neighborhoods.

In Washington, the White House condemned what it called the Assad government’s “assault� on Qusair.

[email protected]

Times staff writer Fleishman reported from Cairo and special correspondent Sandels from Beirut. Times staff writers Patrick J. McDonnell in Damascus and Raja Abdulrahim in Los Angeles contributed to this report.